TEXTBOOK OF WEED MANAGEMENT IN HORTICULTURAL CROPS

Description ABOUT THE BOOK The book “Weed Management in Horticultural Crops” has been written in a very simple and lucid language with suitable examples wherever applicable for better understanding of readers. The book consists of 19 chapters including biology and ecology of weeds, principles and concepts of weed management, methods of weed control, herbicide classification, mode of action of herbicides, herbicide selectivity, herbicide resistance  in weeds, absorption and translocation of herbicides, herbicide transformation in plants, fate and persistence of herbicides in soils, adjuvants and their use, herbicide interaction with other chemicals, weed management in horticultural crops and management of problematic and aquatic weeds. In addition to these the book also includes glossary of important terms related to weed control and important information pertaining to weed management in appendices. The book is written to fulfill the requirement of under graduate students of agriculture faculty considering the syllabus of 5th Dean’s Committee of ICAR. The authors have tried their level best to clarify the very basic/fundamentals of weed science though compilation and consolidation of the facts and figures. This is the result of one strong conviction and consistent adherence to weed science research and teaching. The student community may harvest benefit   from this book by understanding the basics of weed science. We hope that this book will be very useful for the students, teachers, researchers, extension workers, and others interested in weed management. CONTENT Sr. No Title Page No.   Foreword 3   Preface 4   About the  Book 5   About the  Author 6 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 Introduction Definition of Weed Harmful Effects of Weeds Benefits/Uses of Weeds 11-16 11 12 15 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Classification of Weeds Based on Life Cycle /Ontogeny of Weeds Based on Morphology of Weeds Based on Association Based on Ecology and Habitat Based on Origin of Weeds Based on Weed Preference to Soil Reation Based on Plant Community 17-21 17 19 19 20 20 21 21 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 Propagation and Dispersal of Weeds Propagation of Weeds Dispersal(Dissemination) of Weeds Persistence of Weeds 22-27 22 23 25 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Crop Weed Interaction Weed- Crop Competition Weed- Crop Interference Critical Period of Weed Crop Competition Allelopathy 28-34 28 30 30 31 5   5.1 5.2 Principles and Concepts  of Weed Management Principles Concepts 35-38   35 36 6 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 Methods of Weed Control Crop Husbandry or Cultural Methods Physical or Mechanical Methods Chemical /Herbicidal Methods Biological Methods Integrated Weed Management (IWM) 39-58 39 41 45 50 55 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 Classification of Herbicides Based on Time of Application Based on Selectivity Based on Spectrum of Weed Control Based on Soil / Foliage Active Herbicides Based on Mode of Action Based on Residual Action in Soil Based on Duration of Weed Control Based on Chemical Structure Based on herbicide Formulation Based on Method of Appliocation Based on window of application 59-65 59 60 60 60 61 61 62 63 63 64 65 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 Herbicide Application Herbicide Application Equipments Spray Calibration and Herbicide Calculations Precautions 66-77 66 73 76 9   9.1 9.2 9.3 Absoption and Translocation of Herbicides in Plants Absorption Translocation Factors Affecting Absorption and Translocation of Herbicides 78-83   78 80 82 10 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6 10.7 10.8 10.9 10.10 Mode of Action of Herbicides Growth Regulators Type of Herbicides Cell Membrane Disrupters Inhibitors of Amino Acid Synthesis Lipid Biosynthesis Inhibitors Pigment Inhibitors Growth Inhibitors of Shoots Herbicides with Disrupt Cell Division Inhibitors of Photosynthesis Respiration Inhibitors Primary Biochemical Modes of Action 84-88 84 85 85 85 85 85 86 86 86 86 11 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Herbicide Selectivity Differential Absorption of Herbicides Differential Translocation of Herbicides Diifferential Rates of Deactivation of Herbicides Differential Protoplasmic Resistance Multifactor Herbicide Selectivity Induced Selectivity 89-94 89 90 90 91 92 93 12 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 Herbicide Resistence in Weeds Types of Herbicide Resistence Factors for Herbicide Resistence in Weeds Herbicide Resistance Mechanism Herbicide Resistence Management Herbicide Resistant/Tolerant Crops (HRCs/HTCs) 95-99 95 96 97 98 98 13 13.1 Herbicide Transformation in Plants Pathways of Herbicide  Degradation/ Metabolisim 100-104 100 14 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Fate and Persistence of Herbicide in Soils Transfer/Physical Removal Decomposition Reduce Herbicide Persistence(Residues) in Soils Herbicide Residue Estimation 105-115 106 110 112   114 15 15.1 15.2 Adjuvants and Their Use Utility of Adjuvants Kinds of Adjuvants 116-121 116 116 16   16.1 Herbicide Interaction with Enviorment and Agro- Chemicals Interactions 122-126   123 17 17.1 17.2 17.3 17.4 Predominant Weeds in Horticultural Crops Fruit Crops Vegetable Crops Plantation Crops Spices, Medicinal & Aromatic Plants 127-148 127 131 135 137 18 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 18.9 Weed Management in Horticultural Crops Fruit Crops/ Orchards Plantation Crops Seed Spices Medicinal and Aromatic Crops Vegetables Tuber Crops Spices Lawns & Turfs Use Of Herbicides in Different Horticultural Crops (at a Glance) 149-169 149 154 155 156 157 160 161 162 163 19 19.1 Problematic Weeds and Their Management Management Practices for Control of Problematic Weeds 170-178 170 20 Aquatic Weeds and Their Management 179-183 Glossary of Terms 184-202 Appendices : I -XI 203-232   ABOUT THE AUTHORS Dr. P.L. Maliwal did his B.Sc.(Ag.) and M.Sc.(Ag.) Agronomy from the University of Udaipur, Udaipur in 1976 and 1979, respectively. He was awarded ICAR scholarship for his under graduate studies. He obtained Ph.D. degree from Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur specializing in the field of weed management during the year 1987. Dr. Maliwal started his career as lecturer in the field of Agronomy at University of Udaipur, Udaipur. Dr. Maliwal served in different positions like Associate Director Research, Zonal Director Research, Director Extension Education and retired as Director Research from Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur (Rajasthan). Dr. Maliwal has published more than 85 research papers and technical articles in various journals and magazines of national and international repute. He has also written books entitled “Agronomy at a Glance (two volumes)”, “Agricultural Development in Rajasthan” and “Technologies for Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture”. He is also co-author of three books for vocational educational (Agriculture) students. He is the recipient of best university teacher award of MPUAT, Udaipur for the year 2001-02. Dr. S.L. Mundra did his B.Sc.(Ag.), M.Sc. and Ph.D. (Agronomy) from Sukhadia University, Udaipur; Rajasthan Agriculture University, Bikaner and Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur in 1985, 1987 and 2001, respectively. He has a long service experience of over 28 years of working in teaching, research, and extension. He has published over 100 research and technical articles in different journals / magazines / newspapers of high repute. He is co-author in the book entitled “Agronomy at a Glance (two volumes)” and returns several book chapters and practical manuals. He is actively involved in guiding college students for PG and Ph.D degree.  Presently he is working as Director Extension, MPUAT, Udaipur.